Yungas paramo grasslands (Puina, 2015).

The fourth study site, in the yungueño paramo grasslands between 3,600 and 4,100 m a.s.l., is a humid and cold region dominated by large grass species (in some cases more than 1.5 m high), with the ground covered by mosses, lichens and small ferns. There are also isolated keñua trees that are the only ones that grow at this altitude, forming small stands known as bosquesillos de keñua, which are threatened at a continental scale.

In total, 34 plant species, 9 species and subspecies of diurnal butterflies and 75 vertebrate species were recorded, of which 18 are new species for Madidi, 1 for Bolivia and 4 for science.

The third study site, in the high Andean region, comprises mountainous areas between 4,100 m and 4,900 m a.s.l. The temperature varies between 0 °C to 9 °C. The vegetation is characterized by the presence of low grasslands with a predominance of grasses and rosette plants. The presence of keñua (Polylepis spp.) and Andean peat bogs or bofedales is also characteristic of this zone.Polylepis spp.) y de bofedales es también característico de esta zona.

In total, 55 plant species, 4 species and subspecies of diurnal butterflies and 81 vertebrate species were recorded, of which 29 are new species for Madidi and one species is a candidate for science.