Treeline cloud forest (Puina, 2015)

The fifth study site, in the treeline cloud forests, is located on the mountain slopes between 3,000 and 3,600 m a.s.l. The climatic and edaphic conditions give rise to a low, evergreen forest, with the physiognomy of a shrub forest or chaparral, where epiphytes predominate, especially mosses and lichens.

In total, 43 plant species, 34 species and subspecies of diurnal butterflies and 90 vertebrate species were recorded, of which 52 are new species for Madidi, 4 for Bolivia and 2 for science.